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考点十六 省略

为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。 省略可分以下几种情况：

一、简单句中的省略

1.省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略，其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。

(I)Thank you for your help.

(I) See you tomorrow.

(It) Doesn’t matter.

2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。

(There is) No smoking.

(Is there) Anything wrong?

Why (do you) not say hello to him?

3.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to。

-Are you going there?

-I’d like to (go there).

4.省略表语。

-Are you thirsty?

-Yes, I am (thirsty).

5.介词的省略

The old man had no difficulty (in ) finding his house.

6.名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅，店铺，教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。

At her sister’s (house), she spent a pleasant weekend.

7.连词的省略：

not only… but (also)…, whether… (or not), so (that)

8.情态动词should的省略

He suggested that I (should) go with him.

二、并列句中的省略

两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.

I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

三、主从复合句中的省略

1.状语从句中的省略

状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。

When (she is) young, she used to go fishing with her grandpa.

While (you are) talking with Mr White, you are wanted on the telephone.

2.定语从句中的省略

①一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略。

Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

②当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用that 或 in which ，或将它们全部省略。

I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

3.宾语从句中的省略

①在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ，那么只有第一个that可以省略。

I think (that) the reform of the RMB's exchange rate is necessary.

He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order

②由 which , when ,where，how,和 why 引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。

He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)

4.主语从句中的省略

主语从句省略多用于句首。如：

(It is a ) Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.

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